Menstruation is a vital sign of physiological maturity in women. A normal cycle is approximately 28 days (21 to 35 days is also normal), with a volume of 50 to 80 ml, typically dark red in color, and free of significant discomfort. However, if there are clear abnormalities in the cycle, volume, color, or regularity—accompanied by symptoms like prolonged periods, painful cramps (dysmenorrhea), breast tenderness, or mood swings—it falls under "menstrual disorders" and requires early attention.
Dr Li Rui notes that due to Singapore's hot and humid climate, high stress levels, and irregular lifestyle habits, cases of menstrual disorders are rising. Many young women even experience amenorrhea or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which can seriously impact fertility and overall well-being.

